North American River Otter Facts

The North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) is a semiaquatic mammal in the weasel family. While it may simply be called the river otter in North America (to distinguish it from the sea otter) there are other river otter species throughout the world. Despite its common name, the North American river otter is equally comfortable in either coastal marine or freshwater habitats. Fast Facts: North American River Otter Scientific Name: Lontra canadensisCommon Names: North American river otter, northern river otter, common otterBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 26-42 inches plus a 12-20 inch tailWeight: 11-31 poundsLifespan: 8-9 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Watersheds of North AmericaPopulation: AbundantConservation Status: Least Concern Description The North American river otters body is built for streamlined swimming. It has a stocky body, short legs, webbed feet, and a long tail. In contrast to the European otter, the North American river otter has a longer neck and narrower face. The otter closes its nostrils and small ears when submerged. It uses its long vibrissae (whiskers) to find prey in murky water. North American river otters weigh 11 to 31 pounds and range from 26 to 42 inches long plus a 12 to 20 inch tail. Otters are sexually dimorphic, with males about 5% larger than females. Otter fur is short and ranges in color from light brown to black. White-tipped hairs are common in older otters. River otters use their tails as rudder while swimming. Hailshadow / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution North American river otters live near permanent watersheds throughout North America, from Alaska and northern Canada south to the Gulf of Mexico. Typical habitats include lakes, rivers, marshes, and coastal shorelines. Although largely exterminated in the Midwest, reintroduction programs are helping river otters reclaim part of their original range. Diet River otters are carnivores that hunt fish, crustaceans, frogs, salamanders, waterfowl and their eggs, aquatic insects, reptiles, mollusks, and small mammals. They sometimes eat fruit, but avoid carrion. During winter, otters are active during the daytime. In warmer months, they are most active between dusk and dawn. Behavior North American river otters are social animals. Their basic social unit consists of an adult female and her offspring. Males also group together. Otters communicate by vocalization and scent marking. Young otters play to learn survival skills. River otters are excellent swimmers. On land they walk, run, or slide across surfaces. They may travel as much as 26 miles in a single day. Reproduction and Offspring North American river otters breed between December and April. Embryo implantation is delayed. Gestation lasts 61 to 63 days, but young are born 10 to 12 months after mating, between February and April. Females seek dens made by other animals for giving birth and raising young. Females give birth and raise their pups without aid from their mates. A typical litter ranges from one to three pups, but as many as five pups may be born. Otter pups are born with fur, but are blind and toothless. Each pup weighs about 5 ounces. Weaning occurs at 12 weeks. Offspring venture out on their own before their mother gives birth to her next litter. North American river otters reach sexual maturity at two years of age. Wild otters typically live 8 or 9 years, but may live 13 years. River otters live 21 to 25 years in captivity. Baby river otter. ArendTrent / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies North American river otter conservation status as least concern. For the most part, the species population is stable and otters are being reintroduced into areas from which they vanished. However, river otters are listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) because the species may become endangered if trade is not closely regulated. Threats River otters are subject to predators and disease, but human activities are their greatest threat. Otters are highly susceptible to water pollution, including oil spills. Other important threats include habitat loss and degradation, illegal hunting, vehicle accidents, trapping, and entanglement in fishnets and lines. River Otters and Humans River otters are hunted and trapped for their fur. Otters pose no threat to humans, but in rare cases they have been known to attack dogs. Sources Kruuk, Hans. Otters: ecology, behaviour and conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-19-856586-0.Reid, D.G.; T.E. Code; A.C.H. Reid; S.M. Herrero  Food habits of the river otter in a boreal ecosystem. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 72 (7): 1306–1313, 1994. doi:10.1139/z94-174Serfass, T., Evans, S.S. Polechla, P. Lontra canadensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T12302A21936349. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12302A21936349.enToweill, D.E. and J.E. Tabor. The Northern River Otter Lutra canadensis (Schreber). Wild mammals of North America (J.A. Chapman and G.A. Feldhamer ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

Multicultural Education in the Classroom - 2176 Words

The Benefits of Multicultural Education in the Classroom I have grown up with Education being my catapult through life; I love it. I love to study children and figure out how they learn and how our educational experiences shape us as adults. Five years ago, I found myself accepting a position as a Toddler teacher in a government facility. To describe it simply, I was a fish out of water. I had experience with children, but not with children so small. This experience taught me a great deal about learning in our great world. I was amazed to witness the pure relationships between children of all races in that little toddler room. All color aside, the children seemed to embrace each others differences and celebrate in their dedicated†¦show more content†¦The substantial task of desegregation did not come without its struggles. Parents were faced with issues of involvement in their childs education due to distance between their childs school and home. Some schools reported vanda lism and student frustration in regards to the change of scenery. In 2001, busing for Charlotte students ended, but not without leaving a legacy. Since the termination of busing, student test scores continue to rise, even surpassing those of other urban school districts such as Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston (NPR, 2004). Though mandatory busing ended, school districts continue to encourage the multicultural movement by providing magnet programs for families who would like their child to attend another school. The concept is the same as busing; however, participation is voluntary. Economically, the gap is narrowing, balancing our communities. Forty percent of African Americans consider themselves to be middle class, seventy five percent own their own homes, and two parent households earn just thirteen percent less than Caucasian parents (Thernstrom, 1998). There are improvements to be made as the economy continues to control and group together families within the same income bracket. Many times, this binds families to certain schools with no other options available. Statistics show that from 1993 to 2003, there was a similar outcome regarding the schools middle class families attended. Out of a study of oneShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education : A Multicultural Classroom960 Words   |  4 PagesAn additional aspect to a perfect education system would be the use of multicultural education in schools. Multicultural education creates a comfortable environment for students of all races and ethnicities to learn in by combining a variety of ideals about teaching. According to Geneva Gay, the creator of multicultural education, one of these ideals is understanding the cultural characteristics and cultural contributions of different ethnic groups, such as the values of different ethnic groups,Read MoreEssay on Diversity and Multicultural Education in the Classroom1561 Words   |  7 Pagesin which we learn. Educators must take special measures in the delivery of classroom instruction to celebrate the learning and cultural differences of each of their students. As communities and schools continue to grow in diversity, teachers are searching for effective educational programs to accommodate the various learning styles of each student while promoting acceptance of cultural differences throughout the classroom. It no longer suffices to plan educational experiences only for middle-or upperRead MoreMulticultural Education : An Effective Classroom Management Plan Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents have had to be bilingual and sometimes bicultural to be successful in mainstream American education. This paper deals with the increasing trend of culturally responsive teaching. The demands of a culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) student are progressively being placed on the teacher. Presented in this paper, five articles, books, and journals have researched multicultural education and explain that students learn in different ways and teachers must respond adequately to understandRead MoreStudents Are Not Entering The Classroom With The Knowledge And Understanding Of Multicultural Education762 Words   |  4 PagesTeachers are not entering the classroom with the knowledge and understanding of the importance of multicultural literature. The students are suf fering due to the lack of diverse reading literature incorporated into units of reading study. There is a need for staff developments and in-services to help educate teachers on ways to provide multicultural literacy awareness in primary schools. Objectives †¢ To heightening the awareness of the importance of multicultural literature in early grades. †¢Read MoreMulticultural Education Is A Method For Instruction That Values Diversity Within The Classroom1227 Words   |  5 Pageswithin a classroom setting incorporate teaching. More importantly, it is important that within schools teachers as well as students need to understand one another’s background; such as their culture, race, and ethnicity. For students it prepares them for life in an culturally diverse society. Throughout this paper it is focused on multicultural education in our society. Multicultural education is a method to instruction that values diversity within the classroom. Multicultural education is to assistRead MoreHigh-Stakes Testing, the Standardized Classroom, and the Marginalization of Multicultural Education1817 Words   |  8 Pagesprofound impact on my view towards multicultural education and the nation’s current trend of standardization and high-stakes testing. Scholarly research shows that the emphasis placed on testing and standards, mandated by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, is causing teachers to focus entirely on basic skills in reading, writing, and math (Banks Banks, 2010). This focus on basic skills is taking much needed time and attention away from multicultural education, and the teaching of social justiceRead MoreMulticultural Literacy And Bullying Is Through Education849 Words   |  4 Pagesmulticulturalism to fight discrimination and bullying is through education. Through classroom libraries, teachers can provide a wi de variety of multicultural books. Elementary classroom libraries are an essential tool to assist in building cultural awareness and acceptance of diverse family units, races, creeds, learning abilities; therefore bullying will decrease and greater understanding among students will develop. Multicultural classroom libraries will build understanding and empathy and create environmentsRead MoreImplementing Multicultural Education Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesis any form of change in education that is discussed, there are always those who disagree with that change. These critics deem that they are problems that exist with the concept of multicultural education. One argument against multicultural education is the fear that the lack of a clear definition will essentially confuse teachers which will affect the classroom. Professor Ryan, a professor of education at Lasalle University states that â€Å"the term multicultural education is a slogan. It means differentRead MoreIssues in Mu lticultural Education900 Words   |  4 PagesIssues in Multicultural Education Effective instructors must understand the issues that impact multicultural education in the United States. The significance of providing an eminence instruction in an unbiased approach to all of their students is essential. The tide of demographic changes in the United States has affected most classrooms in our schools. As a result, some classroom teachers realize they must quickly acquire a comprehensive understanding of ethnic, cultural, and social-class diversityRead MoreA Learning Diverse Environment : A Multicultural Education1383 Words   |  6 PagesA Learning Diverse Environment A multicultural education is a form of education that incorporates a diverse cultural background into learning. Having a multicultural education is beneficial in an abundance of ways especially for the younger generation. American schools should implement multicultural education in classrooms to promote positive attitudes toward one own’s culture and others. The US Census Bureau claimed that America consists of six different races (excluding Whites or Americans): American

Watergate Scandal free essay sample

Political legal analysis of 1972 break-in, Senate hearings, major players, role of Nixon, public views and historical effects. In the immediate wake of Watergate, political analysts and commentators were convinced that political life would never be the same. No president had ever resigned under threat of impeachment before. Surely, public trust would be irrevocably broached. Legal reforms were expected to shortcircuit future political scandal or at least make them easier to regulate. In July, 1995, more than 20 years later, one of many hearings based on those reforms was in full swing. A special Senate Whitewater Committee was making modest headlines with efforts to connect the suicide of President Bill Clintons childhood friend and legal counsel, Vince Foster, with irregularities in the president and First Ladys business dealings back in Arkansas. Vince Fosters death was undoubtedly a.. Watergate Scandal free essay sample Their arrest uncovered a White House sponsored plan of espionage against the political opponents and a trail of intrigue that led to some of the highest officials in the land. The officials involved in the Watergate scandal were former U. S. Attorney General John Mitchell, White House Counsel John Dean, White House Chief of Staff H. R. Hellman, White House Special Assistant on Domestic Affairs John Reelection, and President Nixon. On April 30, 1973, nearly one year after a grand Jury Investigation of the burglary and arrest of the people Involved, President Nixon accepted the resignation of Hellman and Reelection and announced the dismissal of John Dean. Furthermore, U. S. Attorney General Richard Slinkiest resigned as well shifting the position to the new attorney general, Elliot Richardson. However, Elliot Richardson decided to put Harvard Law School professor Archibald Cox in charge of conducting a full-scale investigation of the Watergate break-in.Hearings were opened in May of 1973 by the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities with Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina as the chairman. Suddenly. A series of startling revelations began as Dean testified that Mitchell had ordered the break-in and that a major attempt was under way to hide White House involvement. Dean also claimed that President Nixon had authorized payments to the burglars to keep them quiet. The Nixon administration denied any involvement in the scandal, but the testimony of White House aide Alexander Butterflies exposed Nixon and unlocked the entire investigation.On July 16, 1973, Butterflies told the committee, on nationwide television, that President Nixon had ordered a taping system to be Installed In the White House to automatically record all conversations. With this what Nixon had said and when he had said it was on the tapes and these tapes could verify everything. Cox immediately exposed eight relevant tapes to the court to confirm Deans estimation. Nixon refused to release the tapes, claiming that they were vital to the national security. Therefore, U. S. District Court Judge John Slack ruled that President Nixon must give the tapes to Cox, and an appeals court upheld the decision.Nixon still refused to turn over the tapes and on Saturday, October 20, 1973, ordered Richardson to dismiss Cox. Richardson refused and resigned instead, as did Deputy Attorney General William Ruckuses. Finally, the solicitor general discharged Cox. Suddenly, a storm of public protest occurred, thus leading to the Saturday Night Massacre. Nixon, in his defense, appointed another special prosecutor, Leon Gasworks, a Texas lawyer, and gave the tapes to Slack. Unfortunately, some of the eighteen and a half minutes. Experts determined that the gap was the result of five separate erasures.Nevertheless, on March 1974, a grand Jury indicated Mitchell, Hellman, Reelection, and four other White House officials for their part in the Watergate cover-up and named President Nixon as an undedicated co-conspirator. In the following month Gasworks requested and Nixon released written transcripts of forty-two more tapes. The conversations revealed an overwhelming concern with misusing political opponents and denied the Watergate investigation. On May 1974, Gasworks requested sixty-four more tapes as evidence in the criminal cases against the indicted officials. Nixon refused to turn over the tapes and on July 24, 1974, the Supreme Court voted 8-0 that Nixon must turn over the tapes. Thus, on July 29 and 30, 1974, the House Judiciary Committee approved three articles of impeachment, charging Nixon with misusing power in order to violate the constitutional rights of U. S. Citizens, obstructing Justice in the Watergate affair, and defying Judiciary Committee orders. Then on August 5, 1974, three tapes revealed that Nixon had, on June 23, 1972, ordered the Federal Bureau in Investigation to stop investigating the Watergate break-in.The tapes also showed that Nixon helped to direct the cover-up of the administrations involvement in the affair. Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974 from presidency of the United States of America, instead of facing impeachment; Nixon was the first president in history to resign, and a month later, Gerald Ford, Onions successor pardoned him for all crimes that he might have committed while in office. Nixon was then immune from federal prosecution. Since the Watergate scandal began investigators have also uncovered other illegal activities.For instance, in 1971 a White House group called the plumbers had been doing whatever was necessary to stop leaks to the press. Also, a grand Jury indicated Reelection, White House Special Counsel Charles Colon, and others for organizing a break-in and burglary in 1971 off psychiatrists office to obtain damaging material against Daniel Algebra, who had publicized classified documents. Furthermore, investigators discovered that the Nixon administration had solicited large sums of money in illegal naming contributions.They used the money to finance political espionage and to pay more than $500,000 to the Watergate burglars. In addition, White House aides testified that in 1972 they had falsified documents to make it appear that President John F. Kennedy had been involved in the 1963 assassination of President Mongo Dinah Diem of South Vietnam. Plus, they had written false and slanderous documents accusing Senator Hubert H. Humphrey of moral improprieties. In the end, the Watergate scandal shook the faith of the American people in the presidency and urine out to be a supreme test for the United States Constitution.

Relaxer Alt-J free essay sample

Alt-J, an English band whose genre seeps into almost everything, from electro-pop, to rock, to folk, and everything in between, released their third album, â€Å"Relaxer,† this summer. Three tracks were released as singles before the album: â€Å"3WW,† â€Å"In Cold Blood,† and â€Å"Adeline.† These were pretty good and generated hype for the release of the album. Unfortunately, that’s when we learned that the singles are the best songs on â€Å"Relaxer.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pleader† takes half of its allotted length to get to the singing, which I normally wouldn’t mind if the first half of the song was interesting. Instead the song is boring and tedious. If I have to sit through two-and-a-half minutes to get to the good part of a song, I’m not going to listen to it often.â€Å"Hit Me Like That Snare† isn’t boring, but it’s also not good. It’s the most different on this album, but that’s not always a good thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Relaxer Alt-J or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The fact that â€Å"Relaxer† is only eight tracks doesn’t leave much room for mistakes. Although six of the songs feature strings performed by the London Metropolitan Orchestra, there isn’t a real cohesive sound to the collection; I would have liked at least two more songs in order to tie in some sort of creative theme.This album wasn’t more of the same Alt-J that we knew, but it’s not completely new either. â€Å"In Cold Blood† is similar to â€Å"Left Hand Free† (from the group’s second album) in structure and sound, and â€Å"Adeline† is very similar to some of the slower songs on their first album, â€Å"An Awesome Wave.†Overall, â€Å"Relaxer† is a solid 6 out of 10, in my opinion. It’s some good music, but I don’t think it’s a landmark album in Alt-J’s career. I see it as a stepping stone to a new sound for the band, and I’m already anticipating their next album.

Abortion Worst Medical Invention essays

Abortion Worst Medical Invention essays Abortion is the deliberate termination of pregnancy by removal of the fetus from the womb. Under the topic of abortion there are two clear sides - pro or for. Personally I am 100% pro, because in my eyes abortion is the same as murder. Murder is defined as, The taking of someone or somethings life. So if you dont see it like that then how would you define abortion. Currently abortion is performed by any one of four standard procedures, according to the period of gestation. The procedure that I will explain is called, suction, or vacuum aspiration. This method is used in the first trimester (up to 12 weeks). In this procedure, which normally takes five to ten minutes, on an outpatient basis, the cervix (neck of the uterus) is opened gradually with a series of dilators. The uterine contents are withdrawn by means of a small flexible tube called a cannula, which is connected to a vacuum pump. To ensure that no fragments of tissue remain, a spoon-tipped metal instrument called a curette may then be used to scrape the uterine lining. This procedure was introduced in China in 1958. This doesnt sound too wonderful. Most people dont know it but there can be some long term effects to having an abortion. Some of them are mild but others are more serious. They may include death to the mother, preterm delivery or low birth weight for second pregnancies. Some agencies have even stated that abortion can cause other health related problems like cancer for the mother. It has been proven that abortion is the fifth leading cause of maternal deaths in the United States of America even thou abortion related deaths are not officially reported as such. To let you know I will state some of the complications you can have after an abortion in more detail. After having an abortion a woman could die from a variety of complications associated with the abortion. A few of the ...

Loan Translations

Loan Translations Loan Translations Loan Translations By Maeve Maddox Vocabulary borrowings from other languages take many forms, one of which is the loan translation or calque. The English word calque derives from French calquer â€Å"to trace.† It refers to a word or a phrase that has been translated word-for-word from its foreign origin. Because English is a Germanic language, it’s not surprising that we have numerous calques that originated as German expressions. Here are a few: superman from à ¼bermensch hang glider from Hngegleiter flamethrower from Flammenwerfer gummy bear from the product name Gummibrchen (little gummy bear) loanword from Lehnwort Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) from Intelligenzquotient Rainforest from Regenwald Watershed from Wasserscheide World war from Weltkrieg Note: In Nietzschean thought, the à ¼bermensch is the ideal superior man of the future who transcends conventional Christian morality to create and impose his own values. The German word werfer (â€Å"thrower†) is used in sports to refer to the bowler in cricket and the pitcher in baseball. Here are some calques from the French: deaf-mute from sourd-muet free verse from vers libre rhinestone from caillou du Rhin Note: The historical term deaf-mute, â€Å"unable to hear or speak,† is now considered by some to be insensitive or derogatory; a replacement term is â€Å"hearing- and speech-impaired.† German also has Rheinkiesel which, like caillou du Rhin, means â€Å"Rhine-pebble.† Latin calques: Milky Way (the galaxy that contains Earth’s solar system) from via lactea â€Å"Rest in Peace† from requiescat in pace â€Å"in a nutshell† from in nuce Calquing goes both ways. Computing terms coined in English have been calqued into other languages. For example, French disque dur, carte mà ¨re, souris, and en ligne for English hard disk, motherboard, mouse, and online. Related post: Loanwords and Calques Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?3 Cases of Complicated HyphenationUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

Patriot Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Patriot Act - Research Paper Example The Department of Justice designed and developed the drafts for this new law. This legislation is intended to fortify the measures and reinforce the available tools to deal with domestic and international terrorism. It also provides a number of new techniques to the Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation and federal prosecutors (Jenks). Under these interventions, the US agencies can identify and prosecute terrorist networks at the national and international levels. Central to the US PATRIOT Act is its unique feature of streamlining communications between the different agencies addressing terrorism and terrorist activities. This Act has simplified the task of investigation and surveillance, by introducing less involved procedures. Funding for the victims of terrorist acts and the families of such victims has been substantially enhanced under the provisions of this exemplary Act. Moreover, it provides ample funds for reconstructing infrastructure and business that had been destroyed or damaged by terrorism (Fritscher). This Act has been sub – divided into 10 sections or titles. These titles consist of several sections that explain the provisions of that particular title. A concrete definition is provided in the titles and sections to the federal government. The aim of this delineation is to clarify the powers conferred upon the enforcement agencies, with regard to the investigation of terrorist activities. It is important to note that the provisions of the US PATRIOT Act also contain several checks and balances that are aimed at preventing the abuse of power (Fritscher). Argument 1 The USA PATRIOT Act establishes special scrutiny measures for foreign jurisdictions. Thus, enforcement officials can prosecute international terrorist organizations and foreign financial institutions. It also empowers them to deal with certain classes of international transactions and accounts, if these are suspected of being put to criminal use. This Act r equires all international financial service agencies to monitor their transactions and to report any instances of money laundering. The Act further strengthens measures to prevent the misuse of the US financial system for personal gains, by corrupt foreign officials (USA PATRIOT Act). In addition, it provides mechanisms to repatriate stolen assets to the country to which they belong. Prior to the enactment of the US PATRIOT Act, the law enforcement agencies of the US had found it very difficult to take direct action, in order to prevent acts of terrorism or to monitor terrorist activity in the country. It was believed in many quarters that substantial alterations had to be made to the existing laws, if the contemporary terrorist organizations were to be dealt with in a competent manner (Patriot Act 2001). These terrorist organizations, such as the notorious al Qaeda, were very well organized and had access to the highly sophisticated contemporary communications technology. The propo nents of increased domestic surveillance have rightly claimed that the harm caused by the possibility of breach of the rights of the US citizens was insignificant. This was in comparison to the immeasurable harm that terrorists could inflict upon the nation, by taking advantage of the absence of domestic surveillance. Such surveillance is indispensable if another terrorist attack of the

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Management - Essay Example Organizational culture can have a significant impact on employee behavior and performance. First of all, if an employee is well-aware about the culture of the organization he works in; he would have a complete understanding about how things work, what is the working style, the system, norms and beliefs residing in the minds of its people, it would be easy to work in the organization. Once he understands the environment well and is settled and comfortable, he can perform to his maximum. Organizational culture also generates commitment in an individual, which leads to shared goals to be achieved mutually (Hellriegel and Slocum 432). There is evidence that shows that corporate culture does affect performance. For instance, if we compare Japanese and American management methods, the success of Japanese is shown by their strong culture emphasizing on employee participation, open communication, security and equality (Cumming and Worley). A study of productivity was conducted in research de partments of UK university which showed a strong relationship between productivity and organization cultures emphasizing team work and employee involvement (Cumming and Worley). Can the culture of an organization be changed to increase performance? Culture of an organization may not be perfect to current needs of the market. It might not be comfortable for the workforce to work in that culture. It might not lead to achieving best performance in terms of product quality and service for customers. In such a case, culture of the organization should be changed keeping your motives ahead of you (Hellriegel and Slocum 432). During 1980s, in US, many organizations started changing their cultures in order to meet the customer’s expectations in a better way. During late 1990s, organizations began to evaluate how well they fit into expectations of workforce (Hellriegel and Slocum 432). As a senior leader in an organization what can you do to change the culture and in turn increase perf ormance of the business? (Wade and Recardo 62) As a senior manager, I can look into the following things in order to change the culture: -Change chain of command -Bring flexibility in the system. -Emphasize on teamwork -Involve employees at all levels. As an HR leader in an organization what can you do to change the culture and in turn increase performance of the business? Culture is a result of technology, process and organizational architecture. An HR manager should first identify where the problem lies. As an HR manager, I can change the architecture and communication in order to change the culture in an organization. If I feel the workforce wants more flexible style of working, I can bring into decentralization by: -Reducing layers of management. -Making sure information is available at the lower level personnel. A few other strategies may also be applied to change culture in order to increase employee behaviour and productivity: -Modify the reward system. -Aggressive use of tec hnology to make the processes more efficient (Wade and Recardo) . What impact on performance can a coaching culture have on an organization? Accelerating or getting the maximum out of something, is a practice that managers should often observe. Coaching is a tool which makes a good thing even better (Gorrell and Hoover). In 2008, a study was conducted by American Management Association to see the impact of coaching on performance. It was found that nearly 60 percent of North Americans

By the time Macbeth murders Duncan Essay Example for Free

By the time Macbeth murders Duncan Essay By the time Macbeth murders Duncan, he has already lost the battle for his soul. Discuss this statement and examine the factors which lead to his decision to kill the king. It is the aim of this essay to evaluate and determine the validity of the above statement. I will examine the factors which lead to Macbeths decision to kill the king. The definition for a persons soul is the spiritual part of them that is supposed to continue after their body is dead. People also use soul to refer to a persons mind, character, thoughts and feelings. The battle for his soul represents whether this person submits to good or evil. The factors that I will look at in particular when considering what drove Macbeth to commit the murder, are the witches and Lady Macbeth. The play begins with the witches who introduce Macbeth by saying they will meet him. There to meet with Macbeth. This is an effective way to start the play, as people were very superstitious at the time. They believed in witches and they believed they were evil. One person who was very wary and curious about such matters was James I and Shakespeare had written this play for him. The gunpowder plot took place the previous year and James I was, consequently, very sensitive and concerned about future assassination attempts. Shakespeare was writing for an audience who were predominantly Christian and who believed in heaven and hell; the way some one behaved on earth would decide what happened to them when they died. The soul is very important in this play and this is why Macbeth may have been popular as people were interested in these things. If someone lost their soul, they would be lost to God and would be condemned to hell for eternity. Macbeth talks a lot about this in his dramatic monologues. Duncan was a good honest king who had done nothing but treat Macbeth as a good friend. Duncan calls him worthiest cousin, which suggests the closeness of their relationship. Duncan is grateful for Macbeths bravery in battle. He says, I have begun to plant thee and will labour, to make thee full of growing. Duncan is saying he will do anything to repay him for being so brave. Duncan is a very good person, Macbeth says, Duncan hath borne his faculties so meek hath been so clear in his great office that his virtues will plead like angel. Macbeth knows that he was good and he still murdered him. Therefore is no excuse for what he has done. The King is Macbeths guest so he should protect him, not attack him. There are different reactions from Macbeth and Banquo to the witches predictions. Banquo believes that Macbeth will become king because he has already become Thane of Cawdor, just as the witches had predicted. He thinks that it is very strange how the witches are helping them. Furthermore, he believes the witches will be kind to them and have their trust only to betray them later. He is clearly surprised and remains sceptical as to their intentions. The different reaction by Macbeth is apparent when he is shocked at first after hearing what the witches have to say. He truly believes that he will become king as two of the predictions have proved accurate. Things can only get better for Macbeth, or so he believes. Macbeths opinion of the witches remains undecided and he does not really know what to think about the weird sisters. There are conflicting beliefs that he has. Firstly, he believes they are not good, but if they were bad why did they give him such success? It seems that he is beginning to trust the witches when he considers the success that they have given to him. Banquo, on the other hand, instantly distrusts them and believes to win us to our harm, the instruments of darkness tell us truths. As soon as Lady Macbeth receives Macbeths letter about the witchs predictions she begins to plan the murder: Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crow to the toe top full of direst cruelty. She wants to be filled with cruelty and wants evil spirits to posses her. She wants to lose her femininity and become manly so she is capable of the greatest cruelty. She hopes to lose her soul so she does not feel guilty. The factors that lead Macbeth to kill the king are the witches, Lady Macbeth and his own personality. The witches led Macbeth to the murder when they greeted him and said All hail Macbeth, that shall be king hereafter. In the time of the play it was believed that witches could take demonic possession of people and make them do what they wanted. Macbeth sees a dagger just before the murder of Duncan. Some people may say that it is the witches that put the image in front of him to drive him into murdering. However, Act 1, scene 1 suggests that there are limits to the witchs powers; they cannot kill. They talk about a lady who did not give them nuts so they want to get her back, and also her husband who is on a boat. Ill give thee wind. Ill drain him as dry as hay. They say many things that they will do to him but they do not mention killing him and this proves that death is not in their power. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have a good relationship, they seem to get on extremely well together and when they are apart they miss each other. Later in the play Lady Macbeth begins to take control and becomes rather dominant. She can persuade him to do anything. Macbeth decided that he did not want to go through with the murder but Lady Macbeth talked him into it by calling him a coward and using harsh words. And live a coward in thine own self esteem. She says this after Macbeth refuses to proceed any further with the murder. She is taunting and humiliating him. When Macbeth talks himself out of committing the murder, We will proceed no further in this business, Lady Macbeth makes him change his mind by calling him a coward. She tells him, When you durst do it, then you were a man. The implication being that he is no longer acting like a man. She tells him that if he breaks this promise, he will break all other promises including those made to her, Such I account thy love. Nevertheless, she claims that she would rather dash out the brains of a baby then break such a promise. Shakespeare utilises extremely strong imagery to emphasise just how important it is for her. In Macbeths dramatic monologue he gives many reasons as to why he does not want to go through with the murder. Many thoughts are running through his head such as the fear of Duncan returning as something bad in his next life. Additionally, he believes something bad will happen if he goes through with it. To plague th inventor. This even handed Justice He is going against the deed of killing the king. Strong both against the deed: then, as his host. He is a kinsman, therefore he can not kill somebody on the same side as him and this suggests that it is not like him at all and he does not want to take his life. When Lady Macbeth enters he does not tell her these reasons but gives different ones altogether. He says the king has been honouring him recently and people have high opinions of him. Consequently, he wants to remain popular with people. Macbeth must kill Duncan so that he can be king and take his place. The witches told him that he would be king, but not necessarily by murdering him. Initially the murder has been devised entirely by Macbeth and not recommended by anyone else. As Macbeth states, If chance will have me king, why chance me crown me, without stir. He is saying that if he becomes king that is good but he will not do anything to make himself king. As he admits, his only motive for the killing is Vaulting ambition. I will now consider the nature of Macbeths sin. The crime that has been committed is truly evil, but I do not believe that Macbeth is necessarily evil. The fact that Macbeth believes that he will never be forgiven indicates he is genuinely remorseful. The only reason Duncan was murdered was for Macbeths personal gain. Macbeth had no real reason to kill him, as the king was a dear friend. There are many reasons that suggest that Macbeth should never be forgiven for this. The murder was in cold blood and it had been planned and not committed in the heat of the moment. Macbeth did not want to go through with it but Lady Macbeth induced him to do so. This is why I believe Macbeth is not evil because he was driven to it. After the murder the grooms were smeared with blood to make it seem as if they had committed the murder. In the morning Macbeth murders them too pretending that he has acted out of violent love for Duncan. He does this to get himself out of trouble and to avoid suspicion. Therefore, the grooms cannot deny committing the murder. Macbeth has killed the king. At the time, there was a belief that kings were put onto the throne through Gods power (divine right) and so an attack on the kings power was seen as acting against Gods wishes. This is the reason for him to go to hell as God has disowned him. Macbeth says, Hes here in double trust: first, as I am his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself. Macbeth knows that what he has done is wrong as he should be looking after his guest. After the murder, Macbeth is unable to say the word Amen, But wherefore could not I pronounce Amen I had most need of blessing and Amen'. He feels that God has deserted him as Amen means god with us. He is trying to keep his Christian faith but he believes he is losing his soul and that he will be doomed to eternal damnation. Macbeth feels that he cannot sleep because only the good sleep. After the murder has been committed Lady Macbeth is calm and does not feel any guilt at all. The fact that she is not sorry suggests that she is evil. Wash this filthy witness from your handsmear the sleepy grooms with blood. She gives him orders as she does not want to get caught and she wants somebody else to get the blame. If I were in the audience, I would be thinking that Macbeth is now behaving unlike himself. He is acting guilty about the murder and he wishes that he never committed the crime. This is dramatic because it shows that he must really want to be king if he kills even though he does not want to and this shows how desperate he really must be. Christians believe that if someone is truly sorry for a sin they have committed and repent, they can be forgiven and, in that case, their soul would not be forfeit. After the murder I strongly believe that Macbeth is extremely sorry for what he has done. I had most need of blessing. This means that he still wants Gods blessing even after his terrible sin. I am afraid to think what I done, which suggests that it is so unlike him to do this that he is scared to look back, he does not want to believe what he has done. To know my deed twere best not know myself he would rather not know himself after what he has done as he is so ashamed. Wake Duncan with thy knocking, I would thou couldst He wishes that Duncan could be wakened with knocking which means he regrets the murder. I do not believe that Macbeth has lost his soul as he feels sorry for what he has done and feels very guilty he also has many regrets. As Macbeth is so worried about the murder he has committed one would not think that he would kill anymore, but he does. He arranges the murder of Banquo, his best friend, and tries to have his son Fleance killed. This is because Banquo suspects that Macbeth has killed Duncan as he heard the witches predictions. He has Fleance murdered because the witches said Banquos descendants would be king. Macbeth seeks out the three witches to predict the future, even though he knows that they are evil. To the weird sisters. More shall they speak. For no I am bent to know by the worst means, the worst. He also wants to know what else must be done for him to be king. The audience may have thought that he is turning evil and is just looking for trouble and they will probably be worried about what will happen next. He arranges the murder of Lady Macduff and her children because she has fled to England to join the other side to be against Macbeth. He wants to hurt her for turning against him. Now Macbeth is beginning to lose his soul as he keeps on killing and he does not feel guilty anymore. He finds that he must keep on doing more and more wrong in order to stay in his position. I am in blood stepped so far that I should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go oer. He has gone far enough and there is no point stopping as he has done a lot to get where he is. It will be far easier for him to carry on then to stop. It is possible that the witches have sensed a potential for evil in Macbeth and that is why they have chosen to use him. It is Macbeth who has horrible imagings. He fought in battles so he killed a lot of people there. We learn many contradictory things about Macbeth. He is a very strong man as he fights in the kings battles and wins. He is described as Brave Macbeth and Noble Macbeth by the captain, this is because he is very loyal, brave and honourable. However, Lady Macbeth says he is too full oth milk of human kindness and implies that he has a good heart. Macbeth has been violent in battle. He unseamed him from the nave to th chops and fixed his head upon our battlements. He had fought a lot in battle and killed a lot of people but after the murder he can not handle all the guilt. His personality has changed. He admirers Lady Macbeth when she is at her most evil, saying she is undaunted mettle. This is because she does not give up and pursues with her target. Macbeth is frequently associated with dark and night, asking for darkness to cover his feeling. Stars, hide your fires, let not light see my black and deep desires. Goodness is represented by light and evil is represented by dark. For example, Macbeth using the cover of darkness to hide his crimes, Come, seeling night, scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day. He is ashamed of what he is thinking. Macduff says of him Not in the legions of horrid hell can come a devil more damned in evil to top Macbeth. He thinks Macbeth is filled with evil. The name of his follower, Seyton is perhaps a pun of Satan. I do not believe that Macbeth is evil. The witches made him think a lot and this led him to do things he would never normally do. It was the witches who gave him the idea of being king and this is where things started to become bad. Macbeth goes to visit the witches again after the murder who tell him that no person can kill him that is born from women. He now thinks he is invincible. In my opinion, it is here that he loses his soul given that he carries on killing without feeling any guilt. It seems that Macbeth was not only an instrument of evil, but also the victim.

A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes Essay -- Historica

Whether native or foreign, the forced laborers discussed in the five historical documents—â€Å"A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes†, â€Å"Description of a Slave Market in Rio de Janeiro†, â€Å"Notes on the Treatment of the Natives in Northeast Siberia†, â€Å"Mercury Mining in Huanacavelica and Silver Mining in Potosà ­Ã¢â‚¬ , and â€Å"The General Slavery at Achin†Ã¢â‚¬â€were impelled to fulfill responsibilities and lead lives that were believably unnatural, being that those laborers forced to work were typically exposed to extreme and destitute living conditions due to the mandatory demands of their overseer, while those â€Å"enslaved† in the country of Sumatra were allowed profuse independency in comparison to drudges elsewhere in the world. Depending on their geographic location, some forced laborers shared a similar style of governance, while the others faced severely contrasting ways of life. As part of the Atlantic chattel slavery system, Ligon explained the harsh lifestyle and living conditions that the autonomous society forced upon its laborers in 17th century Barbados through his written description in â€Å"A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes†. According to Ligon, â€Å"the grueling work†¦during the harvest season ran without stopping from Monday at 1 A.M. through Saturday night† (Richard Ligon 114). Any educated reader could infer that the mandated labor created an extreme and highly unreasonable lifestyle that is unnatural for any human being. Living conditions included scarce meals, where â€Å"the servants [ate] no bone meat at all, unless an ox died and then they were feasted as long as that lasted. And till they had planted good store plantains, the Negroes were fed with food which gave them much discontent,† and living quarters were... ...ouses, as if they were free People† (Captain William Dampier 142). In comparison to the strict, intolerant ways of forced labor discussed previously, Sumatra’s enslavement appeared significantly more permissive, allowing laborers to act more freely and independent. Whether native or foreign to the lands on which the enslaved were forced to labor, the good majority of forced laborers were impelled by their overseer to deal with extreme conditions and perform unnatural duties. Experiencing destitute conditions and intense responsibility was a major part in the lives of most forced laborers, but for the rare extremity, slaves had a more significant amount of freedom. Although the typical enslaved peoples faced similar governing dominance and autonomy, there were others who experienced differing lifestyles. This definitely makes for worlds together, yet worlds apart.

Faith love time and dr. lazaro Essay

In this story, Brillantes confronts the most important questions of our lives as Christians: Does God exist? If so, what is the nature of God? I remember Tim telling me that Brillantes succeeds in telling a compelling story because he never preaches or subverts. That he allows the reader to experience, rather than solve, the problem of God’s presence or absence. The story is deceptively simple: An aging medical doctor and his young son are called in the middle of the night to minister to a poor family whose newborn baby has a terminal case of tetanus. The journey towards the family’s home, however, seems to take on a different level when it also becomes a spiritual journey, most especially for Dr. Lazaro, whose beliefs about and disbelief in God, faith, love, and time seem to haunt him with a pressurized intensity – and all because he sees a wide chasm between him and Ben, his son, in terms of how they see life: He has lost so much faith in God and life, while Be n – intent on becoming a priest – seems so infuriatingly fresh and positive. He has also lost his faith because he has been a witness to countless, seemingly random deaths: There is a patient with cancer, whose racking pain even morphine can’t assuage anymore; there is the baby who is now dying from tetanus; but most of all, there was his eldest son who, we later learn, committed suicide. From the latter, the Lazaro family â€Å"died† to each other as well. It made the doctor focus mechanically on his job, just to forget the pain, and his wife became more immersed in religion than in family. For Dr. Lazaro, what kind of God would allow pain? What kind of God would kill a baby? What kind of God would take away a son? Is there really a God? (Many of the students invariably answer that perhaps God allowed this to happen to test their faith. I happen to believe this as well, but I pose for them another gray area: â€Å"That may be true, but tell that to a dying man in excruciating pain, or to a father who has†¦ [continues]

Global Warming Outline Essay

Pierre de Fermat was born in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France in August of 1601 and died in 1665. He is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of the seventeenth century. Fermat is considered to be one of the ‘fathers’ of analytic geometry. Fermat along with Blaise Pascal is also considered to be one of the founders of probability theory. Fermat also made contributions in the field of optics and provided a law on light travel and made wrote a few papers about calculus well before Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz were actually born.Fermat’s most important work was done in the development of modern number theory which was one of his favorite areas in math. He is best remembered for his number theory, in particular for Fermat’s Last Theorem. This theorem states that: xn + yn = zn has no non-zero integer solutions for x, y and z when n is greater than 2. Fermat almost certainly wrote the marginal note around 1630, when he first studied Diophantus’s Arithmetic. It may well be that Fermat realized that his prove was wrong, however, since all his other theorems were stated and restated in challenge problems that Fermat sent to other mathematicians. Although the special cases of n = 3 and n = 4 were issued as challenges the general theorem was never mentioned again by Fermat. In fact in all the mathematical work left by Fermat there is only one proof. Fermat proves that the area of a right trangle cannot be a square. See more: what is essay format Meaning that a rational triangle cannot be a rational square. In symbols, there do not exist integers x, y, z with x2 + y2 = z2 such that xy/2 is a square. From this it is easy to deduce the n = 4 case of Fermat’s theorem. The proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem marks the end of a mathematical era. Since all of the tools which were brought to bear on the problem still had to be invented in the time of Fermat. Judging by the tenacity with which the problem wa for so long, Fermat’s alleged proof seems likely to have been illusionary. This conclusion is further supported by the fact that Fermat searched for proofs for the cases and , which would have been superfluous had he actually been in possession of a general proof.

The Federalist Papers by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay essays

The Federalist Papers by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay essays Between October 1787 and August 1788, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay wrote and submitted eighty-five seemingly persuasive essays to various New York newspapers. Their essential goal was to convince the people of New York to support the new Constitution that was drafted in Philadelphia in 1787. If they could not sway the people of New York the new country would have been split in half therefore welcoming tension between the two sides as well as foreign invaders. Their success resulted in the uniting of a single power under which we still stand today. The authors were all but subtle in the introduction of the essays. They put the fate of the new Constitution in the hands of one of the bigger, more populous states as well as one of the three most important states. They sought federalism, the mixture of unitary and confederate governments, thus granting the states local power, but also a strong centralized power. They believed that between individual freedom and social order and between a tyrannical government and a government too weak to be effective was a middle ground in which the new Constitution would settle. (Gilbert-Rolfe, 1). The Federalist Papers are probably the most important documentation of the road traveled to the ratification of the new Constitution. This is in fact where we originated as a country. They play such an important role in American history, without them there may well have not been a United States. In America: Past and Present, Divine, one author, points out some of the more important papers written. In paper no. 10, Madisons first contribution, he states the problem with the influence of factions or political groups, which is especially relevant to political problems faced today. (Gilbert-Rolfe, 10). He believes the new Constitution will solve this problem and that is another reason to vote for it. Today in America we have the same prob...

Ghost Light from Dead Galaxies Sheds Light on Ancient Galaxy Interactions

Ghost Light from Dead Galaxies Sheds Light on Ancient Galaxy Interactions Did you know that astronomers can learn about galaxies that died long ago? Thats part of the story of the cosmos that the  deep cosmos-gazing  Hubble Space Telescope  was built to tell. Along with other telescopes on the ground and on orbit, it fills in the story of the universe as it peers out at distant objects. Some of its most fascinating objects are galaxies, including some that formed in the infancy of the universe and are now long gone from the cosmic scene. What stories do they tell?   What Hubble Found Studying long-dead galaxies sounds like it would be impossible. In a way, it is. Theyre no longer around, but it turns out, some of their stars are. To learn more about early galaxies that no longer exist, Hubble observed dim  light from orphaned stars that lie some 4 billion light-years away from us. They were born billions of years ago and somehow were ejected at high speed from their original galaxies, which themselves are long gone. It turns out some kind of galactic mayhem sent these stars reeling across space. They belonged to a galaxies in a massive galaxy called Pandoras Cluster. The light from those far-flung stars provided clues to a crime scene of truly galactic proportions: as many as six galaxies were somehow torn to pieces within the cluster. How could this happen? Gravity Explains a Lot Each galaxy has a gravitational pull. Its the combined gravity of all the stars, clouds of gas and dust, black holes, and dark matter that exist in the galaxy.  In a cluster, you get the combined gravitational pull of all the galaxies, and that affects all of the members of the cluster. That gravity is pretty strong. In addition, galaxies tend to move around within their clusters, which affects the motions and interacts of their cluster-mates. Add those two effects together and you set the scene  for the destruction of some not-so-lucky small galaxies that happen to get caught in the action.  They get stuck in a squeeze play between their larger neighbors as they travel, Eventually, the strong gravity of the bigger galaxies pulls the smaller ones apart.   Astronomers found clues to this destructive shredding of galaxies by studying the light from stars scattered by the action.That light would be detectable long after the galaxies were destroyed. However, this predicted intracluster glow of stars is very faint and is quite a challenge to observe.These are extremely faint stars and they are brightest in infrared wavelengths of light. This is where Hubble comes in. It has very sensitive detectors to capture that faint glow from the stars. Its observations helped scientists study the combined light of about 200 billion stars that were cast out from interacting galaxies. Its measurements showed that the scattered stars are rich in heavier elements like oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. This means they are not the first-ever stars formed. The first stars consisted mainly of hydrogen and helium, and forged heavier elements in their cores. When those earliest ones died, all the elements were cast into space and into nebulae of gas and dust. Later generations of stars formed from those clouds and show higher concentrations of heavy elements. It is the enriched stars that Hubble studied in an effort to track what happened to their galactic homes.   Future Studies Zero in on More Orphan Stars Theres still a lot to figure out about the earliest, most distant galaxies and their interactions. Everywhere Hubble looks, it finds more and more distant galaxies. The farther out it  peers, the further back in time it looks. Each time it makes a deep field observation, this telescope shows astronomers fascinating things about the earliest times in the cosmos. Thats all part of the study of cosmology, the origin and evolution of the universe.

The Growing Middle Class in Emerging Markets in Asia Research Paper

The Growing Middle Class in Emerging Markets in Asia - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that posts 2008 financial crisis across the US and around the world, there has been considerable interest in the emergence of the Asian middle class because they can play a significant role in reviving the world economy. As more and more people in the Asian region fall into the middle-income category, they are likely to be a future growth engine. So far economies of China, South Korea, or Taiwan have been driven more by their export bases; however, with the emergence of a middle class in these countries, their reliance on exports will diminish in the coming years as their domestic consumption will fuel the future growth. It is a fact that the wider the base of a middle-income group across the world, the more cushioning will it provide to the world economy. In other words, the world economy is likely to be more resilient to the future economic shocks unlike the one witnessed during the financial crisis of 2008-09. While there is no specific definition of the middle class, different people/agencies use different criteria. According to the definition of the Asian Development Bank, the people earning between USD2 and USD20, in purchasing power parity terms, fall in a category of the middle class. According to Homi Kharas – the deputy director and the economist at the Brookings Institution, a middle class is defined as those households whose income fall between USD10 and USD100 per day based on purchasing power parity (PPP) perspective. Pezzini, the director of OECD development, argues that emerging middle class in Asian countries is likely to be a main engine of growth, especially in China and India due to their large population base. According to him, this middle class has been a front-runner in accumulating the useful capital necessary for further growth in the region. Larger middle class in the region helps fuel growth through domestic consumption rather than depending upon export-based growth. South Koreas larg e proportion of the population now falls in the middle-income category or above and has already become a major engine of economic growth in the region. Asia Foundation has been a major organization in supporting economic growth across Asia through private and public institutions. Its economic development program consists of three core areas that include policy reform and develops business environments, supporting entrepreneurship, and creating economic cooperation across the region.

International Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Political Economy - Essay Example This paper stresses that the spread of globalization today is not viewed as simply an invasion into the markets of nation-states but as also an encroachment of the political stability experienced by sovereign states. Globalization has brought with it the erosion of state sovereignty such as the change of their monetary policy leaving them at the mercy of the global economy. Although the development of regional organizations and international agencies is on the rise to ‘protect’ the privileges and sovereignty of nation-states, they are also under the control of a political power and its actions are highly influenced by it. This is a major problem in the International Political Economy since some nation-states are retaliating from opening their markets for globalization in the feat of losing control of their democracy, morals and governance as demonstrated by countries in the Middle East. This report makes a conclusion that the challenge of globalization is a difficult one since it grows on a daily basis, the best remedy that the International Political Economy can try to implement is to make sure that global political influence is limited. the International Political Economy faces a lot of challenges most of which are minor , and can be easily remedied with the implementation of regulations on a global level the realization of a purely independent and free International Political Economy is not far not is it close because it has to overcome all of its challenges first.

Discuss the motives underlining Mergers & Acquisition and compare the Essay

Discuss the motives underlining Mergers & Acquisition and compare the outcomes of the different methodologies used to analyse M& - Essay Example Considering this aspect, the paper discusses the motives underlying M&A in different organisations. The objective of the article is to explore as to why organisations opt for executing M&A strategy. Furthermore, the paper also compares about the outcomes of different methodologies that are used in analysing the impact of M&A. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Literature Review 4 Overview of Merger & Acquisition 4 Nature of Merger & Acquisition 4 Motives Underlying M&A 5 Comparative Analysis of M&A 10 References 13 Literature Review Overview of Merger & Acquisition Merger & acquisition (M&A) which is also acknowledged as takeover is regarded to be an important strategy that use by various organisations in recent days in order to accomplish higher economies of scale. According to Lahovnik (2000), M&A is considered as one of the most prevalent approaches of organisations in today’s global businesses. The incorporation of local market into international economy, improvement of financia l market along with liberalisation and deregulation procedure strongly supports the approach of M&A. Schoenberg (2009) stated that M&A provides a common way for organisations in terms of accomplishing quick growth and rapid market entry. ... Such activities are usually voluntary in nature and often lead towards a new corporate identity. Merger can be aggressive or friendly in nature and in this procedure, the acquirer exercise full control on the acquired organisation. Gaughan (2007) described merger as grouping of two or more than two organisations where only a single organisation can sustain. Sudarsanam (2003) stated that M&A is implemented interchangeably. He defined that merger is a procedure where organisations share their resources in order to accomplish mutual objectives, but the shareholders still retain their ownership in the newly formed organisation. On the basis of the study conducted by Picot (2002), M&A indicates number of different transactions ranging from acquiring as well as selling of undertakings, agreements, collaboration and joint ventures to the establishment of organisations or corporate progression that certify individuality of dealings, transformation in legal form, preliminary public offering a nd reorganisation. Jagersma (2005) stated that merger is the arrangement of two or in excess of two organisations in establishment of a new entity or creation of a holding company. On the other hand, acquisition is the buying of shares and assets of other organisation in order to accomplish administrative powers. Motives Underlying M&A Carline & et. al., (2009) has described three motives for organisations to engage in M&A that comprise cooperation motive, hubris motive and intervention motive. Every motive has its own inference in relation to the advantages of organisations adopting as well as implementing M&A. Lemnsic & Maslennikova (2008)

Self Esteem Essay Example for Free

Self Esteem Essay People who base their own self-worth on what others think and not on their value as human beings might pay a mental and physical price, according to research by Jennifer Crocker, PhD, a psychologist at the University of Michigans Institute for Social Research. Crocker, who has worked on a series of self-esteem studies, found in her latest research that college students who based their self-worth on external sourcesincluding appearance, approval from others and even their academic performancereported more stress, anger, academic problems, relationship conflicts, and had higher levels of drug and alcohol use and symptoms of eating disorders. For the study, Crocker surveyed more than 600 college freshmen three times during the yearbefore they left for college and at the end of the fall and spring semesters. Overall, students were found to have a high level of self-esteem. When students were asked about what they base their self-worth on, more than 80 percent said academic competence, 77 percent said their familys support, 66 percent said doing better than others, and 65 percent70 percent of which were womensaid their appearance. College students who based their self-worth on academic performance did not receive higher grades despite being highly motivated and studying more hours each week than students who did not rate academic performance as important to their self-esteem, Crocker found. Students who based their self-worth on academic outcomes also were more likely to report conflicts with professors and greater stress. They feel motivated to do well in academics, but having their self-worth on the line doesnt help their performance, Crocker says. She speculates that students who base their self-worth on academic performance might become anxious and distracted and threatened by feelings of failure, and, as such, their anxiety might then interfere with their memory. Students who based their self-esteem on internal sourcessuch as being a virtuous person or adhering to moral standardswere found to receive higher grades and less likely to use alcohol and drugs or to develop eating disorders. We really think that if people could adopt goals not focused on their own self-esteem but on something larger than their selfsuch as what they can create or contribute to othersthan they would be less susceptible to some of the negative effects of pursuing self-esteem, Crocker says. Its about having a goal that is bigger than the self.

Why are Military Takeovers so Frequent in Postcolonial African Politics

For many years, the African continent has been a center for political unrest. Much of that political unrest is blamed on the extended period of European colonization that the continent was forced to endure. Because of ethnic differences, natural resources, and ineffective governments, Africa has been subject to many military takeovers in the postcolonial period. Military takeovers are not unique to Africa. Like of many similar countries, the developing countries in Africa are naturally more susceptible to coup d’Ã ©tats than their developed counterparts. The perfect storm of economic and social inequities, coupled with the inability to provide for the basic necessities of its citizens often results in a regime change through any means necessary. Military coups are typically not beneficial to the citizens, however; the combination of these factors makes the idea of regime change appealing and as a consequence the prospects of a military takeover are augmented. Unlike other regions, Africa displays an even higher rate of governmental turnover. In fact, since gaining independence, the majority of the 54 African countries have experience a military takeover. Much of the plight of Africa was determined by its colonization. Almost all of the African was under European colonization at some point. In fact, only two countries on the continent did not experience colonization, Ethiopia and Liberia. While colonization effectively ended about 50 years ago, the effects of colonization are still visible on the continent. One of the main reasons for political instability in Africa is a result of a lack of unity within nations. Traditional African society was based on tribal affiliations. The relationship between two African tribes was som... ... stable, most African governments appear to be trying to become better. In the future, African governments may be able to avoid the military interventions that hinder their development. Works Cited "Divide and Conquer, A European Legacy in Africa." ÂÂ » The Corkonian Anthropologist. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. . Jenkins, J. C., and Augustine J. Kposowa. "The Political Origins of African Military Coups: Ethnic Competition, Military Centrality, and the Struggle over the Postcolonial State." International Studies Quarterly 36.3 (1992): 271-91. Print. Johnson, Thomas H., and Robert O. Slater. "Explaining African Military Coups D'Etat, 1960-1982." The American Political Science Review 78.3 (1984): 622-40. Print. Wood, Ethel. AP Comparative Government and Politics. Reading, Penn.: Woodyard Publications, 2009. Print.

Decision in Philadelphia Essay

The book Decision in Philadelphia the Constitutional Convention if 1787 by Christopher and James Collier offers a unique look at the scribing of the Constitution and the events that not only surrounded it but led up to its creation. The authors take on the events and their creative writing style make the book and enjoyable and fact filled read on one of the country’s most important events. They begin with a historical look at the events that led up to the signing and a brief synopsis of the events that were occurring in the country at the time. The background that they give provides a good base for the information and allows the reader to see things through the eyes of someone living in the time. One of the more interesting parts of the book comes early in which the author tells the reader of how there were many states that were using militias to control the events occurring in the states. In many of my previous reading there had been mention of the states controlling their own laws and being able to enforce them but I was unaware of the extent. I was also unaware that in Massachusetts that the government and the proceedings were being controlled by the merchants and the upper class. It was interesting to read about how there could be such a diverse set of governments ruling different parts of the country with virtually no centralization. When the congress was first formed and the laws were laid out there was only a requirement for the states to meet once a year in November and that put an unnecessary burden of the delegates to try and align their thinking with other states. This theme would play itself out as the constitutional convention evolved and wore on. There were many challenges facing the country at the time that would impact the constitutional convention and the outcomes that would shape the country. One of them being that there was very poor transportation routes and that adversely affected communications. â€Å"The few interstate roads that existed were frequently nothing more than mile upon mile of mud wallow, cut by hundreds of streams, creeks, and rivers, most of which were unbridged so they had to be forded, or crossed by ferry.† (Collier, 2007) This lack of infrastructure led to many difficulties in communication and travel which meant that the diversity in the country was largely unknown to each other. The country was divided not only by the vast physical size but also by religious sects, economic differences and ethnic and language differences. It was certainly time to establish the constitution and begin to align the peoples of the country under a united set of rules and a centralized government. James Madison was a key player in what would become the centralized idea to unite all these different pockets of civilization that had formed since the country had been settled. The authors point out that Madison though it was a good idea for George Washington not to attend these meetings because if things went sour then he could have what we equate today as plausible deniability. In other words if things went wrong then he could still possibly hold the country together as he had done in the preceding seven years. This was another fact that had not been made clear in my previous reading where it seemed more that Washington had a distain for the political side of things and was just not interested in attending the convention. Middlekauff points out that â€Å"Persuading Washington to come had been a near thing, or seemed so, for he clung to private life after eight years of exhausting service to his country.† (Middlekauff, 2005) He did in fact attend and his presence would prove to be a driving force in the establishment of a strong government that was well equipped to lead the country forward. Madison believed that under the right circumstances that a group of people could basically be governed by a contract in which there were certain rights allowed to them and in exchange there would be a set of rules that would govern the actions of the many. A quote from Madison that I think sums up his views well was â€Å"If all men were angels, no government would be necessary†¦you must first enable the government to control the governed.† (Collier, 2007) An opposing view to that of Madison’s was that of Alexander Hamilton who was a big supporter of a tier system like the one they had in England where the King and Parliament both shared power and were opposing forces to each other. He would eventually bring these ideas in front of the committee to get the balance of congress and the president to try and achieve the same balance of power. The government that he was a proponent of was one that was very similar to that of the Brits but the one major change was that everything stayed internal to the government without any outside influences. The views of many of the for-fathers were as diverse as the areas of the country they came from. The convention provided a unique platform for all of the opposing views to bring their opinions, concerns and ideas to the table for discussion. The convention also allowed for the open sharing of ideas and somewhat of a melting pot for different theories and conjectures. Not only did this format allow for the representatives of their idea to voice and present them but it also allowed for those opposed to object and state their reasons why. The next hat that was throw into the ring was that of Mr. Charles Pinckney who had his own ideas on the right path for the government. His ideas were based on Madison’s Virginia Plan but with some major overhauls. The most notable was the fact that the majority of the power would lie with one person and that person would hold office for a period of seven years. The person in power would then consult the congress and then a voting process would begin until a resolution was reached. While the convention never heard the full breadth of the plan, Pinckney was credited with the first official use of the terms President, house and Senate. The convention began with the arrival of fifty five of the seventy four men that had been elected to represent their states in Philadelphia. The remainders of them had either had travel difficulties or were tied up with personal or business matters. Philadelphia had been chosen as the meeting place because it was major city with the infrastructure to support the convention and because they believed that the Quaker influence would help to quell some of the heat that was sure to be produced at the convention. Philadelphia was chosen over New York, the only other logical choice for this Quaker influence but was not without its flaws as it did boast 117 pubs and numerous underground gambling facilities. When the men met to start scripting the framework for this great country I think they choose a great spot, of course I am a little biased because it my hometown! As with almost every meeting in which there are people of opposing views the convention did not start off on the best foot. There were arguments and opposing views and the proponents of certain ideas were unwilling to compromise. At one point it was said that Washington stood up and grabbed a handful of papers and threw them across the desk in distain for the action of the members. He had been riled up to the fact that there was little progress being made because points of contention continually were brought up and little head way was being made. ON the third day a motion was passed that if a matter had already been voted on then it was not allowed to be able to be brought up again. Collier points out that if this had not happened that the convention would have likely collapse after a week or so. Once some of the rules had been established, we call them board precepts these days, the Father of the nation got down to business of writing the constitution and laying the foundations for the country. Had it not been for Washington’s strong leadership and battle tested personality the convention could have likely collapsed. The current structure at the time with the states having independent power would have almost certainly led to the downfall of the country and the call for the British to take back over and restore civilization. Washington wasn’t about to let that happen and on May 29th finally got the attention of his fellow Americans and got down to business! One of the first hurdles was trying to differentiate the Constitution from the Articles of the Confederation which was the governing document of the time. A key difference was that the Confederation document declared congress a one house and the Constitution was calling for two. It was not necessarily the number of factions that was the sticking point but more how those two sides would be represented. One popular idea was to have and upper house comprised of the wealthy , more like a house of Aristocrats and a lower house which would act as the voice of the people. This idea was articulated by Governor Morris and was eventually accepted. The growing fear within the walls was that if the poor dominated the government that they would take from the rich and redistribute the wealth. The plan was to have the two houses act as a checks and balances system against each other and therefor it was seen as fair voice for all. As the issues began to get hammered out amongst the states and their representatives one issue still loomed large and that was the actual structure of the congress. It had been agreed on that the New portion of congress would be called the House of Representatives and that the states that had a higher population would have more clout. The remaining question was whether the other side of congress, the Senate, would be structured the same of if each state would have the same pull. The headpieces for each side, James Madison and James Morris had debated this point to exhaustion and neither side nor either man was willing to give up their stand. Brown points out that â€Å"Mr. Gerry (a colleague of Mr. Wilson) did not like the election by the people†¦.experience he said had shown that the State legislatures drawn immediately from the people did not always possess their confidence† (Brown, 2000)while Madison disagreed thinking the legislature should be comprised of the men it represents. There were many different ideas that were brought to the table and much opposition to each point arose. The delegates went back and forth on the issue for days on end until it was finally proposed that the states have equal vote but that anything having to deal with fiscal concerns must be originated in the House so that small states could not finically burden the country. The vote was put forth and eventually was passed but Collier points out that â€Å"Historians have seen the Convention’s acceptance of equal suffrage in the Senate as a defeat for the strong Nationalists. James Madison, many years later, said that that battle was the most serious and threatening excitement of the Convention.†(Collier, 2005) In the end the Constitutional Convention would outline many of the rules and regulations that would eventually guide this country to greatness but it was not without major contention. The ability to declare war and the rights of the people and their properties would prove to be major sticking points along the way. The side would argue their points until they were blue in the face and then comprise and strong internal leadership would forge the path. The establishment of the Army and the funding for projects were also points which caused great distain within the ranks but eventually were worked to a point where they could accepted, then, on September 17th, Benjamin Franklin stood up and gave to James Wilson his speech. The contents of the speech basically summed up that while neither side was totally content that they had reached a compromise that everyone was happy with. He articulated that while every piece was not exactly as he would have it that the system was so close to perfect that even their enemies would be astonished. These men worked diligently and overcame so many obstacles that it’s almost unthinkable. With the leadership and vision of men like Madison, Wilson, Washington, Franklin and Jefferson the document that governs this country was born right their in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. When you read the book Decision in Philadelphia the Constitutional Convention if 1787 by Christopher and James Collier you get unique perspective into this amazing occurrence and it is written in a way that you don’t feel as th0ugh you are reading a history book but more like you there watching this debate happen right before your eyes! Sources Brown, R. (2000). Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company Collier, C. Collier J.(2007) Decision in Philadelphia The Constitutional Convention of 1787. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. Middlekauff, R. (2005). The Glorious Cause. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc.

Four Types of Informative Speeches Essay

The last part of chapter 14 is a bit confusing as it attempts to categorize the different approaches to Informative Speaking. For our purposes, we will assign Informative Speeches to the following four (4) types, and this is to REPLACE pages 337-344. Use these, and NOT the ones in the text, to guide you in the development of the Informative Speech. 4 Types of Informative Speeches 1) Descriptive – in the most general sense, you are trying to get the audience to experience something through you. There are 2 approaches to do this: a) the â€Å"real† speech- this is the description of a real, tangible, and physical that is so vivid and precise that the audience can picture it in their mind. The subject could be a place, an object, a person, etc and is described so clearly that the audience can accurately visualize it. b) The â€Å"mood† speech- this is where you attempt to convey just how a particular emotion or feeling feels; and the successful mood speech has the audience actually experiencing that emotional state. For instance, when answering the question â€Å"How does it feel when you are depressed?† the speaker does not simply list other synonymous labels for depression such as ‘down’, ‘bummed’, ‘low’, but focuses instead upon the physiological ( weak, listless), mental (slower thinking, confusion), psychological( joyless, hating self), social( rejected, friendless) aspects. A good contemporary example is the TV ad about ADHD that likens this condition to trying to watch TV with the channels changing every second while showing a rapidly changing TV in the background. Mood speeches are difficult to maintain and develop as the entire speech, and are used many times as a segment of a â€Å"report† speech on that topic. 2) Report – the Report speech is a vastly different speech from the mood speech in that it deals with hard facts and precise data in a very analytical way. It also can be used in a myriad of ways: the life cycle of a flea, a biography of a person, a report giving information about a culture, country, religion, event, medical condition, etc. Even topics of some controversy can be informative in this category: compare/contrast prescription & generic drugs, the legal history of Roe v. Wade, pros/cons of legalizing prostitution/pot/gambling; school uniforms. The over-riding goal here is to remain fair and objective, the audience should not be able to tell what the speaker’s personal position on the topic happens to be. It is unethical to hide a persuasive agenda under the auspices of an Informative speech, so avoid â€Å"I want to inform you why prostitution should be legal† and/or â€Å"†¦so you can see that since the ‘pros’ greatly outweigh the ‘cons’ we should do this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or to limit the discussion to only the ‘pros’ (or ‘cons’) without fairly and honestly including the ‘cons’ (or ‘pros’). 3) Explanation- the speech of Explanation defines a process. This is NOT a â€Å"how to† speech; it explains how and/or why some process occurs. This is very much like a tour guide at the mint telling their group how coins are made. This is a more intellectual approach to a process- how diamonds are formed, how the AIDS virus invades T-helper cells, how wood becomes petrified, the water cycle, photosynthesis, how microwaves cook food, any surgical procedure, how the brain stores memories, how viruses infect computers, what makes a curveball curve- the list is endless. Think of all the processes you understand, any of them have the potential to be a good explanation speech. 4) Instruction – this IS the traditional â€Å"How to† speech, and this is where the process is actually performed, or we are taught how to do it. This has a ‘hands-on’ feel to it: how to write a good resume, how to save money/gas/time, how to pack for a vacation, how to debug your computer, how to throw a curveball. Sometimes the process can easily be demonstrated within the time limits of a speech; other processes my take longer than the allotted time. If that is the case, then have the successive steps/stages pre-done so you can move easily form one to the next. The audience really doesn’t need to watch you slice six carrots for a salad instead have all of them pre-sliced and just demonstrate a few cuts and then move on, nor do we need to wait until the paint dries. Take a hint from the professionals that do the hobby/craft/cooking shows on TV, a bit of careful planning beforehand can result in a polished presentation of even a very complex process. These are the categories of Informative Speaking. You do not have to stay within just one type, they can be combined as you see fit. For example, in speech that is primarily Explanation, there may be a section where you need to Describe what something looks like and there may be some elements of Report if you discuss the history of it. There is an easy way to consolidate the points of the text with these 4 types of informative speeches. Think of the categories listed in the text as general topic areas from which an Informative Speech topic could be found. Once a topic has been selected, then its development can be guided and focused by the 4 types of informative speeches. For example, one might choose to do a speech about a person (Salvador Dali); it could be Descriptive (describing his physical attributes) or a Report (a biographical speech about his life) or an Explanation (how he created his works) or even some combination of these. The topic is, in all of these cases, ‘a person’ but it has the potential for different types of development; all leading to very different types of speeches. INFORMATIVE SPEAKING TOPICTYPES of AREASSPEECHES PeopleDescriptive Objects real Places mood EventsReport ProcessesExplanation ConceptsInstruction Conditions Issues